Tok Essay Ways of Knowing - 826 Words

Tok Essay Ways Of Knowing Using one way of knowing is not enough if you want to determine if something is true or if something is believed to be true. The different ways of knowing are sense perception, reasoning, emotion and memory. Plato once stated that knowledge is â€Å"Justified true belief† which just goes to show that in order to obtain knowledge, we need to know certain thing as a fact, not belief. When we believe something is true, we do not know it for certain. We just have faith in the fact that it is true. To test if our beliefs are real and true, we can use the different ways of knowing to confirm or abolish our beliefs. However these ways of knowing each have their own advantages and disadvantages. Sense perception is†¦show more content†¦Another part of reasoning is proportion. Putting something in proportion gives us a more accurate view of something we are trying to find out. However, this can make reasoning fallible because external forces can influence it. Emotion is a very flawed way to make the distinction between belief and truth. This is because things that influence us very easily mislead our emotions and so we cannot determine a truth by only using our emotion. For instance some person that loves to play video games might start to dislike it because he keeps losing. The more times he loses the more upset he gets and the more he starts to dislike the game. Pretty soon he might lose interest and start to dislike video games altogether. It is also very easy to cloud people’s judgment by playing on their emotions causing them to hold a false truth or belief. Memory is another fallible devise used to distinguish truth from belief. The older you get the harder it is to recall things set early on in your life, or even earlier that same day. This poses a very big problem because sometimes when you have to identify someone that you have only seen once, you could have major difficulties recalling their features. For instance, in a police investigation, the victims usually have to give an accurate description of the suspect. Speaking fromShow MoreRelatedTo what extent do ways of knowing prevent us from deluding ourselves? Justify your answer with reference to at least one area of knowledge1618 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿To what extent do ways of knowing prevent us from deluding ourselves? Justify your answer with reference to at least one area of knowledge Ways of knowing are the core of TOK for us to get knowledge in different Areas of Knowledge. The two key terms on this essay question are â€Å"ways of Knowing† and â€Å"deluding ourselves†. â€Å"Ways of knowing are how we acquire knowledge about the world around us, and figure out our relationship with it†. (IB Diploma Program, 31) Ways of Knowing help us to understandRead MoreWhat Is the Task of the Historian?966 Words   |  4 Pageswe would be without identity. History is regarded differently from human sciences because historians can’t directly observe the past. To what extent is history only focused on past events? And to what extent do the human sciences aim to change the way societies behave? Many knowledge issues arise, when looking at the different facets of these two areas of knowledge. There is often this objective vs subjective debate when looking at history. Is historical knowledge socially constructed? It’s aRead MoreTok Essay1436 Words   |  6 PagesNew TOK Essay Topic 3: There are no absolute distinctions between what is true and what is false. Discuss this claim. I’d always believed that the truth was a rather simple idea. To me, it was something that was true or correct or existing in this world. But after all the discussions in TOK, with family and with friends, and after deep rumination on the subject, I’ve realized that’s it’s a much more broad, complex and often mind-boggling concept. However, now I see that there are essentiallyRead MoreDiscuss the Roles of Language and Reason in History1695 Words   |  7 PagesTOK- Essay Question 9 â€Å"Discuss the roles of language and reasoning in history† 1451 words Nadia Lotze 000 865-015 Mr Skeoch History is the past written by the present. The very nature of this statement creates the predicament of historical knowledge. The historians of the present are under constant pressure of rapidly changing society; therefore what we discover from the past is dependent on our perceptions that are forever changing. History and historical explanations are deduced and manipulatedRead MoreEmotion as a Way of Knowing1456 Words   |  6 PagesEMOTION ESSAY â€Å"The mind leads, the emotions follow† -Ayn Rand Emotion is a state of psychological stimulation and an expression of distinct responses[1]. Emotional states can be defined by particular bodily responses. Emotion is more similar to conscious thought than feelings are to conscious thought. Feelings are more like sensations, when you touch something you get a feeling[2]. Therefore feelings are processed faster than emotions, because when you touch something there is a slightRead MoreTok Emotion Essay861 Words   |  4 Pages2011 TOK Mr. de Silva Grade 11 OSC TOK Essay: How do Perception and Emotion Contribute to our Knowledge of the World? Perception is broad concept, often defined through various contexts. Similarly, emotion has assorted definitions. These concepts differ in their timing in the world, for without the initial perception, emotion is a non-existent concept. And without such commodities our knowledge of the world would cease to exist. For our perception and emotion influences the other ways ofRead MorePossession of Knowledge Tok Essay614 Words   |  3 PagesTOK Outline Essay title – â€Å"The possession of knowledge carries an ethical responsibility†. Evaluate this claim. What knowledge issues I think are involved †¢ How can you possess knowledge? How do you acquire it and do these ways affect your responsibility of imparting it on others? †¢ How is the knowledge you have affected by your personal ethics? Some people would have no problem giving out certain pieces of knowledge while others would be very trouble giving out exactly the same informationRead MoreThe s Theory Of Knowledge1664 Words   |  7 PagesAs human beings, we have the natural propensity to acquire knowledge from our evolving environment, through different ways of knowing such as perception, reason, emotion and language. Knowledge can be defined as information acquired from experience or education or the awareness of a situation. Thus, denoting experience, education and awareness as the roots of knowledge. Consequently, if a knower is not able to experience an event or be educated, the concept of knowledge may cease to exist. ThereforeRead MoreHow Can the Different Ways of Knowing Help Us to Distinguish Between Something That Is True and Something That Is Believed to Be True?1871 Words   |  8 PagesTOK ESSAY 4. How can the different ways of knowing help us to distinguish between something that is true and something that is believed to be true? In order to distinguish between what is true and what we simply believe to be true we will first have to define what truth and belief is and how these two terms differ from each other. This paper will then seek to determine how the four different ways of knowing – perception, language, emotions and reason – can help us distinguish between truthRead MoreThe Matrix and the Allegory of the Cave Essay948 Words   |  4 PagesTOK Essay The Allegory of the Cave and The Matrix 03 December 2010 Many people think that what we know is not really what is real. This idea is shown through the story of The Allegory of the Cave and the movie, The Matrix. Both the movie and the story are similar (it is said that The Matrix is based on The Allegory) and the main plots of the two can be compared. In The Allegory of the Cave, the people are chained up by their legs and necks in a cave from an early age, facing a wall. From

Fantasy vs. Reality Free Essays

Fantasy vs. Reality Blanche is sufficiently self-aware to know that she cannot survive in the world as it is. Reality is too harsh, so she must somehow create illusions that will allow her to maintain her delicate, fragile hold on life. We will write a custom essay sample on Fantasy vs. Reality or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"A woman’s charm is fifty percent illusion† (scene 2) she acknowledges to Stanley. Later in the story line when Mitch wants to switch the light on so that he can get a realistic look at her, she tells him that she does not want realism, she wants magic. When Mitch turns on the light during that scene it reveals much more to the audience than just what she really looks like, but it shows that all this time she has been living her life in the dark, hiding herself in the murky shadows of her promiscuity. Her ultimate goal was to manipulate reality until her fantasy becomes reality. She wants life to be lived in a permanent romantic glow, like the light that lit up the entire worlds when she first fell in love. But in this play, reality dominates. The realism of the setting, with its down-to-earth characters and the sounds of the busy life of this corner of New Orleans, suggests that Blanche’s illusions are not going to be sufficient. The fact that Blanche is probably aware of this too is what wins her the sympathy of the audience. Eventually, her thin hold on reality disappears altogether and she takes refuge in an illusory world in which she is about to go on a trip with her imaginary rich beau. The more desperate Blanche becomes in her loneliness, the more deeply she digs herself into an alternate reality, where she is the author of her own demise. Fantasy can be a hard mind set to overcome for most people. The more a person repeats a lie—the more that person starts to believe it is reality. This is one of many themes that can be related to everyday life. How to cite Fantasy vs. Reality, Papers

NSAs invasion of privacy free essay sample

Whether it is calling someone on your phone or online shopping on the computer, people are more connected than ever to the internet. However, a person might be oblivious to the fact that they are being watched using these technologies. The NSA (National Security Agency) is an intelligence organization for the U. S. to protect information systems and foreign intelligence information. Recently the NSA has been accused of invading personal privacy through web encryption, tracking, and using personal information for their own uses and without permission. The surveillance of the NSA produces unlawful invasion of privacy causing an unsecure nation. The NSA surveillance executed an unlawful invasion of privacy through tracking. They were caught tracking people’s cellphones, but the information gathered was supposedly never used. They have no right to track people’s cellphones because it is considered an invasion of privacy. According to Wyden the NSA is quite secretive about the collection of tracked cell data. â€Å"†¦the intelligence leadership has decided to leave most of the real story secret-even when the truth would not compromise national security† (qtd. in â€Å"NSA Chief says†). The NSA is keeping information from people which create a less secure nation. This clarifies that the NSA is hiding more than just the information on the tracked cellphones. McDonald described the NSA’s surveillance as, â€Å"It’s like peekaboo, right? You have an entire world watching you and you just don’t know it† (qtd. in Chuang). She describes what it is like to be under NSA surveillance and not know anything about it. McDonald clarifies that by having the NSA track a person they are invading their privacy. This demonstrates that the NSA can track a person at any given time to see what they’re doing and the person could be clueless about it. The author states that, â€Å"The Times reported that the NSA was exploiting huge collections of personal data to create sophisticated graphs of some Americans’ social connections. The newspaper said the private data included Facebook posts and banking, flight, GPS location and voting records. † (â€Å"NSA Chief says†). This implies that the NSA unlawfully tracked people using private data for exploiting. The NSA exploited many sources in order to attain information for their own use. They gave out information unlawfully that people could have been able to track the person. Nevertheless, tracking is acceptable if they track someone who is threatening the nation, however all information gathered must be reported. In summation, the NSA should be accused of unlawfully tracking because it is not only an invasion of privacy, but it also makes the nation unsecure by keeping information, tracking and exploiting. The NSA executed an unlawful invasion of privacy by utilizing personal information. In an article named â€Å"What the NSA might have wanted to learn from tracking your phone,† it states that the NSA did a series of experiments in 2010 and 2011, which gathered location and social network data. This proves that while they were â€Å"experimenting† they still gathered data unlawfully. The experimenting of the NSA determines that citizens do not know what their information is being used for and are making people feel less secure. It is wrong for the NSA to distribute personal information. â€Å"On a mission to detect untrustworthy employees, nearly 30 government agencies collected and shared personal information of thousands of Americans, many of whom had no ties to the federal government† (qtd. in Kastrenakes). Americans were tracked even when they had done no harm to the federal government. This justifies that they are invading the privacy of those who have done no harm by distributing their personal information without them knowing. Their personal information was shared to the unknown who could have invaded the person’s security. NSA has been able to gather private information such as a person’s address, phone number, family members, and even their social security number. Tracking online can have a positive outcome. Many companies have gathered personal information online to target ads with the user’s preferences, but tracking can allow companies to find out your credit card number, where you live and your interests. Hence, the NSA should be incriminated for utilizing personal information that can endanger a person’s security by using information from social networks, experimenting and distributing information. The NSA performed an unlawful invasion of privacy by using web encryption. Technologist, Christopher Soghoian, states that the NSA used supercomputers to gain access to encryption that provides online privacy and security. â€Å"The encryption technologies that the NSA has exploited to enable its secret dragnet surveillance are the same technologies that protect our most sensitive information, including medical records, financial transactions and commercial secrets† (qtd. in Winter). Christopher’s explanation of the encryption technologies describes how anyone could be affected by this surveillance. This is considered unlawful because the NSA hacked technologies that protect our private information. This affects the security of the nation knowing that it is possible for someone to gain access to information that people have once though were private to them. This is not the first time that the NSA has tried to gain access to private information. In fact, â€Å"For the past decade, NSA has led an aggressive multipronged effort to break widely used internet encryption technologies† (Winter). The NSA has put an enormous amount of effort into hacking web encryption. The NSA has desired to have access to an individual’s personal information. This clarifies that the NSA had always had the intention to hack web encryption and have been planning this for a while. This questions if they are purposely hacking in order to have control of the internet. Encryption not only affects Americans, but it also affects the nation as a whole. â€Å"Experts and critics say that while ‘back doors’ may help intelligence gathering, they weaken the Web’s overall security and trust, and could be used against Americans† (Winter). The author refutes the idea that web encryption can help intelligence gathering. By creating â€Å"back doors† the NSA is making the nation unsecure by creating an easier access for foreign countries to gain information. Forming â€Å"back doors† loosens the nation’s web security because it allows foreign countries to easily hack the nation’s internet and acquire information that could be used against the U. S. The plus side to using web encryption is that it helps intelligence gathering and helps detect threats toward the nation and foreign espionage. Even though it may create â€Å"back doors† to the internet which spies could have access to, they can easily fix that since they are in charge of protecting U. S. information and tracking the foreign intelligence information. In summation, the NSA should be accused of web encryption because not only does it invade an American’s privacy, but it also makes the internet unsecure by exposing Americans to criminal hacking, unlawful surveillance, and communications against the United States. The examination of the NSA produced an unlawful invasion of personal privacy creating an unsecure nation. This issue is significant because the nation should be aware of how corrupted the government is that they unlawfully track citizen’s personal information which creates a less secure nation and a less reliable government. The NSA should be accused of invading personal privacy through web encryption, tracking, and using personal information for their own uses and without permission. The unlawful surveillance should be stopped in order to protect the citizen’s security. â€Å"We are outraged at the lengths to which the government seems to have gone to intercept data from our private fiber networks, and it underscores the need for urgent reform.

Science and the use of non

Saying Hello in French

Saying Hello in French Greetings are an essential part of French social etiquette. The most important and common greeting is  bonjour, which means hello, good day, or even hi. There are also other ways to say hello or greet someone in French, but its important to understand what greetings are acceptable in various social contexts. Youll also need to familiarize yourself with greetings that are considered informal versus those that you would use in more formal settings. Bonjour- The Most Common Greeting Saying bonjour is the most common way to greet someone in French. Its a flexible, all-purpose term: You use it to greet people in the morning, afternoon, or evening. Bonjour is always polite, and it works in any situation. In France, you need to say  bonjour  when entering a place.  Whether you are talking to a single salesperson  or entering a crowded bakery, greet them by saying  bonjour. For example, if there are a few people sitting at a table you are approaching or several acquaintances are drinking  un expresso  at the bar as you walk up to them,  greet them with a friendly  bonjour.   If you are talking to one person, it is polite in French to use courtesy titles when you say hello, as in:   Bonjour, madame  (Mrs.)Bonjour, monsieur  (Mr.)Bonjour,  mademoiselle  (Miss) Its acceptable to say bonjour by itself- without using courtesy titles- if you are greeting several people, such as when you enter une boulangerie  (a bakery) packed with a line of customers. Bonsoir- The Evening Hello Use bonsoir  to say hello in the evening. Since the  hour that nighttime arrives in France can vary greatly  depending on the season, generally start saying bonsoir around 6 p.m. You can also use bonsoir when you leave- so long as its still evening. Beware of Salut Salut (pronounced with a silent t) is commonly used in France, although it is extremely informal: Its the equivalent of saying hey in English.  Avoid using salut  with people you dont know unless you are a teenager. If you are in doubt, stick with bonjour, which- as noted- is always an acceptable form of greeting. You can also use salut  to say goodbye  in an informal setting among close friends, but there are better ways to  say goodbye in French. Gestures Associated With Bonjour If you say bonjour to a group of strangers- such as when you are  entering a shop- you need not add any gestures, though you may nod your head a bit, and of course smile. If you know the person you are greeting with bonjour, you would either shake his hand- a frank, strong handshake is preferable- or kiss him on the cheek.  Light kisses  (rarely just one kiss on each cheek but usually three or four total) are extremely common in France among friends and acquaintances. Be aware, however, that the  French do not hug  upon greeting each other and saying  bonjour.

Women's Rights Movement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Women's Rights Movement - Research Paper Example The call for feminist rights movement for inclusion into more legal and social rights was largely as a result of the abolitionist movement that occurred prior to the Civil War. This was in itself due to the women’s realization that their slave rescue efforts were being hindered by lack of their own freedom. Several literatures have suggested that there existed a close relationship between these two occurrences. Within these developments, two organizations were subsequently initiated so that they look into issues of expanded women’s rights. Of historical significance was the â€Å"National Organization for Women† which was formed around1966 with statement of purpose to â€Å"Fight for equal rights with men† (National Organization for Women) In effect many women found solace in joining feminist organizations. There were widespread public lecture, newspaper articles, billboards, women parades and other variety of tactic that were used by these organizations i n attempt to communicate the message of equality. Other authors suggest that during this 70year struggle individual campaigns and petitions were carried out in attempts to elucidate the women’s state of affairs at every level. The feminist movement draws from a series of historical, political and public campaigns and advocacy undertaken by many women suffragists to deliver the modern day American woman. The background and the Beginning: Around 1800s women’s life was characteristically quite hard. Earlier works by Lucy Stone, the founder of â€Å"American Woman Suffrage Association† asserting that most of the women during this period worked in unbearable cotton mills and associated poor living conditions with peanut pay. Women oppression was so widespread that women were never allowed opportunities to testify in court cases nor speak before a gathering. (Friedan)Within these developments, Lucy goes ahead to say that marital rights of women were limited with women being regarded as property that were owned by their husbands, and therefore, â€Å"Out of indignation at the condition of women, the suffrage movement was born. For 70years it played a leading role in great struggle to raise womankind to equality with men† with suffrage becoming the main focus of these movements. (National Organization for Women) With the first Women Convention Conference held in 1848 in New York, several declarations by the participant at the Convention called for women to be given equal opportunities and rights in issues that included education, property and right to vote. While drawing from the United States’ independence declaration, this Convention thus declared that, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self evident: that all men and women are created equal†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (National Organization for Women) though it did not escape without saying that these movements faced strong opposition from their male counterparts who still believed that women we re better if they were represented by men. The Opposition Within this paradigm of increased interest to deliberate the womankind, several other opposing forces opposed the women’s quest for equality. In this situation were a mixture of complexities and personalities drawn from various societal spheres. Religion for instance was opposed to this movement arguing that the Bible recognized women’s position under a man. Strong family moralists also expressed fears that equality cause

Write on anything related to European history from the Ancient World Research Paper

Write on anything related to European history from the Ancient World up through the Reformation - Research Paper Example The history of the country starts from the Stone Age. Minoan and Mycenaean kings also have contributed significantly to the history of the country. This paper will try to enlighten the history of the ancient Greece and its historic reformation. The ancient Classical and Hellenistic periods of Greece are without any shadow of doubt the most splendid eras the world has ever come across. Those periods left behind lots of ideas, art and concepts. The history of the ancient Greece is popularly known as the building blocks of the western civilization. Before the 8th century BC, the country was submerged in the dark era. In the 8th century the country started to came out of the Dark Ages. It was introduced by the fall of Mycenaean civilization. During that period the country replaced Mycenaean script with Greek alphabet1. Archaic period of Greece witnessed Lelantine War which was the oldest documented war as far as the Ancient Greece is concerned. This period was almost three century before than the time of classical age. During the Archaic period the country advanced a lot as far as the art, poetry and technology were concerned. After the Archaic period, the next period is popularly known as the Classical Period. This period las ted for almost 200 years. The period has undergone lots of annexations by the Persian Empire. Different political thoughts, architectures, philosophy, and scientific thoughts are the results of this era only. The Hellenistic period of Greece is significantly marked due to the presence of the Alexander the Great. Alexander III was famously known as the Alexander the Great2. He was one of the most military geniuses that the world has ever produced. This Macedonia based military genius taught the whole Greek people about the modern war fare. Like the other Greek people the genius was highly inspired by the divine ambition. The king rewrote the history of the Greece with his indomitable